⋆˚𝜗𝜚˚⋆

Transport proteins:

 Kinesins and Dyneins:

The kinesin gene family is a group of motor proteins that play a critical role in intracellular transport, particularly in the movement of cellular cargo along microtubules

KIF3A 

KIF3A is a key component of the kinesin-II motor protein complex, which is essential for building and maintaining cilia and flagella. These cellular appendages are involved in various processes, including cell signaling and movement

Dynein, another motor protein, is involved in various meiotic processes, including

Axonal Transport:

KIF3A, along with its partners KIF3B and KAP3, forms a complex that moves along microtubules, facilitating the transport of various cargo, including vesicles, within neurons

Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC):

The SAC is a crucial quality control mechanism that monitors spindle assembly. It ensures that chromosomes are correctly attached to the spindle before the cell proceeds to separate them. If any chromosomes are not properly attached or aligned, the SAC delays cell division until the issue is resolved

Regulatory proteins:

 Controlling gene expression and cellular processes

Secondary metabolites: 

These have various roles, including signaling, defense, and other functions not directly related to the life cycle

Terpenoids:

Composed of repeating isoprene units

Include a wide range of compounds like monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, and carotenoids

Phenylpropanoids:

Contain a phenolic ring, often derived from phenylalanine

Include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and lignin

Alkaloids:

Nitrogen-containing compounds with diverse structures

Polyketides:

Synthesized from acetate or propionate units

Include a wide variety of compounds like antibiotics, pigments, and toxins

Role: defence against pathogens

Biosynthesis:

It is the longest phase of the cycle, but also the most variable in duration

the process of making complex products from simpler components through chemical reactions at the cellular level

Precursor Acquisition:

Living organisms obtain the necessary building blocks, or precursors, for biosynthesis. These can be obtained from the environment or synthesized from other molecules within the organism

Activation:

Precursors may need to be activated before they can be incorporated into the larger molecule. This often involves attaching the precursor to a carrier molecule or modifying it with an energy-rich molecule like ATP

Condensation/Elongation:

The activated precursors are then linked together through chemical reactions to form the desired molecule

For instance, in protein synthesis, amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds, forming a polypeptide chain

This process is highly regulated by enzymes

Modification and Processing:

These modifications, often referred to as post-translational modifications in proteins, can involve adding chemical groups, trimming parts of the molecule, or folding it into a specific three-dimensional structure

G1 Phase (Gap 1): Part 2:

──── ·:*¨༺ ♱✮♱ ༻¨*:· ────

G1 Phase (Gap 1): Part 3:

──── ·:*¨༺ ♱✮♱ ༻¨*:· ────