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ND4

the ND4 protein, which is essential for complex I's function in the electron transport chain

The transport chain is a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane

that facilitates the transfer of electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors

substances that give up electrons during a chemical reaction, essentially acting as reducing agents. They are involved in redox reactions, where electrons are transferred from the donor to an electron acceptor

a substance that can receive electrons from another molecule, typically during a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction

ultimately leading to the generation of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

 This process is essential for cellular respiration and involves a series of redox reactions that create an electrochemical gradient, driving ATP synthesis

 Complex I is responsible for transferring electrons and protons, generating a gradient that drives ATP synthesis, the process by which cells produce energy

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Amino Acid Codes:

Arginine

The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated and both the amino and guanidino groups are protonated, resulting in a cation